7.6 Second phase of the Chinese Civil War.7.2 First phase of the Chinese Civil War.5 Establishing the Kuomintang's position.Detractors and critics denounce him as a dictator at the front of a corrupt authoritarian regime who suppressed opponents. Supporters credit him with playing a major part in unifying the nation and leading the Chinese resistance against Japan, as well as with countering Communist influence. Like Mao, he is regarded as a controversial figure. One of the longest-serving non-royal heads of state in the 20th century, Chiang was the longest-serving non-royal ruler of China, having held the post for 46 years. Presiding over a period of social reforms and economic prosperity, Chiang won five elections to six-year terms as President of the Republic of China and was Director-General of the Kuomintang until his death in 1975, three years into his fifth term as President and just one year before Mao's death. In 1949 Chiang's government and army retreated to Taiwan, where Chiang imposed martial law and persecuted critics during the White Terror. Chiang's nationalists were mostly defeated in a few decisive battles in 1948. No sooner had the Second World War ended than the Civil War with the communists, by then led by Mao Zedong, resumed. Roosevelt in the Cairo Conference to discuss terms for Japanese surrender. As the leader of a major Allied power, Chiang met with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. For eight years he led the war of resistance against a vastly superior enemy, mostly from the wartime capital Chongqing. Following the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937, he mobilized China for the Second Sino-Japanese War. Trying to avoid a war with Japan while hostilities with the CPC continued, he was kidnapped in the Xi'an Incident and obliged to form an Anti-Japanese United Front with the CPC. Midway through the Northern Expedition, the KMTвЂ“CPC alliance broke down and Chiang massacred communists inside the party, triggering a civil war with the CPC, which he eventually lost in 1949.ДЄs leader of the Republic of China in the Nanjing decade, Chiang sought to strike a difficult balance between modernizing China while also devoting resources to defending the nation against the CPC, warlords, and the impending Japanese threat. Commander in chief of the National Revolutionary Army (from which he came to be known as Generalissimo), he led the Northern Expedition from 1926 to 1928, before defeating a coalition of warlords and nominally reunifying China under a new Nationalist government. With help from the Soviets and the Communist Party of China (CPC, commonly known as the Chinese Communist Party or CCP), Chiang organized the military for Sun's Canton Nationalist Government and headed the Whampoa Military Academy.

Himself as Director-General of the KuomintangД¬hiang Ching-kuo (as Chairman of the Kuomintang)Д«aoding Military Academy, Tokyo Shinbu GakkoД¬hiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 вЂ“ 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and romanized via Mandarin as Chiang Chieh-shih and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese Nationalist politician, revolutionary and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China from 1928, first in mainland China until 1949 and then in Taiwan, until his death in 1975.Д«orn in Chekiang (Zhejiang) Province, Chiang was a member of the Kuomintang (KMT) and a lieutenant of Sun Yat-sen in the revolution to overthrow the Beiyang government and reunify China. Position established (himself as Chairman of the Nationalist government) Position abolished (himself as President of the Republic of China)Д¬hairman of the Military Affairs Commission

For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.Д¬hairman of the National Government of the Republic of China.

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